Tuesday, February 4, 2014

IMPERIAL CONQUEST: AMERICA'S " LONG WAR" AGAINST HUMANITY

Imperial Conquest: America’s “Long War” against Humanity

Global Research, January 29, 2014
The following text was presented  at the Rosa Luxemburg Conference, Berlin, January 11, 2014.
The event was organized by the German daily “junge Welt”.  This year, the Rosa Luxemburg Conference marked the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the First World War.
In this regard, the history of wars is important because it helps us understand today’s wars.
Our objective is World Peace. Our objective is to criminalize war.
The concept of the Long War is part of US military doctrine since the end of World War II. In many regards, todays wars are a continuation of the Second World War.
Worldwide militarization is also part of a global economic agenda, namely the application of the neoliberal economic policy model which has led to the impoverishment of large sectors of the World population.
Michel Chossudovsky, Berlin, January 11, 2014

Introduction
The world is at the crossroads of the most serious crisis in modern history. The US has embarked on a military adventure, “a long war”, which threatens the future of humanity. This “war without borders” is being carried out at the crossroads of the most serious economic crisis in World history, which has been conducive to the impoverishment of large sectors of the World population.
The Pentagon’s global military design is one of world conquest. The military deployment of US-NATO forces is occurring in several regions of the world simultaneously.
The concept of the “Long War” has characterized US military doctrine since the end of World War II. Worldwide militarization is part of a global economic agenda. 
 General Wesley Clark (right)
Militarization at the global level is instrumented through the US military’s Unified Command structure: the entire planet is divided up into geographic Combatant Commands under the control of the Pentagon. US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) Headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska plays a central role in coordinating military operations.
According to former NATO Commander General Wesley Clark, the Pentagon’s military road-map consists of a sequence of war theatres:
“[The] five-year campaign plan [includes]… a total of seven countries, beginning with Iraq, then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Iran, Somalia and Sudan.” (Democracy Now, 2007)File:U.S. Unified Command Plan Map 2008-12-23.png
The ongoing war on Syria is a stepping stone towards a war on Iran, which could lead to a process of military escalation.
Russia and China, which are allies of both Syria and Iran, are also targeted by US-NATO. In the wake of the Cold War, nuclear weapons are no longer a weapon of last resort (deterrence), their use is now contemplated in the conventional war theatre.
The road to Tehran goes through Damascus. A US-NATO sponsored war on Iran would involve, as a first step, a destabilization campaign (“regime change”) including covert intelligence operations in support of Al Qaeda affiliated rebel forces directed against the Syria.
The geopolitics of oil and oil pipelines is crucial in the conduct of these military operations.  The broader Middle East- Central Asian region encompasses more than 60 percent of the World’s oil reserves.
© Map by Eric Waddell, Global Research, 2003.  (click to enlarge) 
 There are at present five distinct war theatres in the Middle East Central Asian region: Afghanistan-Pakistan, Iraq, Palestine, Libya and Syria.
An all out military attack on Syria would lead to the integration of these separate war theaters, eventually leading towards a broader Middle East-Central Asian war, engulfing an entire region from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Afghanistan, Pakistan and China’s Western frontier.
The 2000 Project for the New American Century (PNAC), first formulated by the NeoCons, was predicated on “waging a war without borders”.
The PNAC’s declared objectives were to “fight and decisively win multiple, simultaneous major theater wars” in different regions of the world as well as perform the so-called military “constabulary” duties “associated with shaping the security environment in critical regions”. Global constabulary implies a worldwide process of military policing and interventionism, including covert operations and “regime change”, all of which are carried out in accordance with a “humanitarian mandate”.
Military actions are implemented simultaneously in different regions of the world (as outlined in the PNAC) as well as sequentially.
This military agenda undertaken under the banner of “Responsibility to Protect” largely prevails under the Obama presidency. Media propaganda has been instrumental is sustaining the fiction of humanitarian warfare.
The Legacy of World War II. Demise of Competing Imperialist powers
What is referred euphemistically as the “post war era” is in fact a period of continuous wars and militarization. This must be understood when focussing on contemporary US led wars.While commemorating World War I,  it is also important to understand that there is a continuum of US military strategies going back to World War I and the inter-war period.
The US emerges in the wake of the Second World War unscathed. Most of the fighting was conducted by its allies, a strategy which the US has used consistently in post-world war II conflicts. Moreover, a careful examination of World War II suggests that US corporate interests including Rockefeller’s Standard Oil supported both its allies and its enemies including Nazi Germany well beyond the US’s entry into World War II in 1941. The strategic objective was to weaken both sides, namely to destabilize competing imperialist powers.
Emerging as the victor nation in the wake of World War II, the US has determined the political and economic contours of post-War Western Europe. US troops are stationed in several European countries. Both its World War II adversaries (Germany, Japan, Italy) as well as its allies (France, U.K. Belgium, the Netherlands) have been weakened. With the exception of the U.K. which is part of the Anglo-American axis, these countries are outgoing colonial powers, displaced by US hegemony. Their pre-World War II colonial territories including Indonesia, The Congo, Indochina, Rwanda (among others) have been gradually integrated over a period of half a century into a dominant US sphere of influence.
In Africa, the process of displacement of France’s sphere of influence is still ongoing. The US is currently taking over the control of France and Belgium’s former colonies in Central Africa and West Africa. Washington also exerts a decisive role in the Maghreb.
“Internal Colonialism” in the European Union
A complex form of  “internal colonialism” is also emerging in the European Union. US financial institutions and business conglomerates together with their European partners are prevalent in setting both the monetary, trade and investment agenda.
Politics are subordinated to dominant financial interests. What is also unfolding in terms of secret trade negotiations (under the TTIP and CETA), is a process of economic and political integration between the EU and North America. These agreements together with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) constitute the building blocks of a process of global economic domination.
Meanwhile, presidential and parliamentary elections in the EU, including Germany, Italy and France (e.g. Sarkozy and Hollande) are increasingly the object of covert political interference (modeled on the color revolutions), namely US sponsored regime change. The fundamental question is to what extent are European leaders political proxies.
US Sponsored Wars and Military Intelligence Operations
This entire period (1945- present) has been marked by a succession of US sponsored wars and military-intelligence interventions in all major regions of the World.
We are not dealing with piecemeal military operations pertaining to specific countries and regions: There is a military roadmap, a sequence of military operations. Non-conventional forms of intervention including State sponsored terrorist attacks rather than theater war have also been launched.
America’s war is a cohesive and coordinated plan of Worldwide military conquest which serves dominant financial and corporate interests. The structure of alliances including NATO is crucial.
The European Union plays a central role in this military agenda. The member states of the EU are allies of the Anglo-American axis, but at the same time, a restructuring process is occurring within the EU, whereby previously sovereign countries are increasingly under the jurisdiction of powerful financial institutions.
The imposition of the IMF’s deadly economic reforms on several European countries is indicative of America’s interference in European affairs. What is at stake is a major shift in EU political and economic structures, whereby member states of the EU are de facto re-categorized by the IMF and treated in the same way as an indebted Third World country.
Military Strategy
While the US has intervened militarily in major regions of the World, the thrust of US foreign policy is to have these wars fought by America’s allies or to resort to non-conventional forms of warfare.
The thrust of this agenda is twofold.
1) US military might is coupled with that of “Global NATO” including Israel. We are dealing with a formidable force, in terms of advanced weapons systems. US military bases have been established in all major regions of the World under the geographical command structure. A new African command has been established.
2) Military action supports powerful economic and financial interests. A strategy of “Economic Warfare” under the neoliberal agenda is implemented in close coordination with military planning.
The purpose of warfare is not conquest per se. The US lost the Vietnam war, but the ultimate objective was to destroy Vietnam as a sovereign country. Vietnam together with Cambodia today constitute a new impoverished frontier of the global cheap labor economy.
The imperial project is predicated on economic conquest, implying the confiscation and appropriation of the wealth and resources of sovereign countries. In the Middle East, successive wars have been geared towards the confiscation of oil and gas reserves.
Countries are destroyed, often transformed into territories, sovereignty is foregone, national institutions collapse, the national economy is destroyed through the imposition of “free market” reforms under the helm of the IMF, unemployment becomes rampant, social services are dismantled, wages collapse, and people are impoverished.
The ruling capitalist elites in these countries are subordinated to those of the US and its allies. The nation’s assets and natural resources are transferred into the hands of foreign investors through a privatization program imposed by the invading forces.
Historical Background: Nuclear Weapons. The Legacy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
America’s early nuclear weapons doctrine under the Manhattan Project was not based on the Cold War notions of “Deterrence” and “Mutually Assured Destruction” (MAD). Contemporary post Cold War US nuclear doctrine is based on the notion that nuclear weapons can be used in the conventional war theater and that these weapons are “harmless to civilians”.
The strategic objective in the use of both conventional and nuclear attacks has been to trigger “mass casualty producing events” resulting in tens of thousands of deaths.
 This strategy first applied during World War II in Japan and Germany was to terrorize an entire nation, as a means of military conquest.
In Japan, military targets were not the main objective: the notion of “collateral damage” was used as a justification for the mass killing of civilians, under the official pretence that Hiroshima was “a military base” and that civilians were not the target.
 In the words of president Harry Truman:
“We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world. … This weapon is to be used against Japan … [We] will use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children. Even if the Japs are savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader of the world for the common welfare cannot drop that terrible bomb on the old capital or the new. …  The target will be a purely military one…
“It seems to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful.” 20 (President Harry S. Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945)
“The World will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians..” (President Harry S. Truman in a radio speech to the Nation, August 9, 1945).
[Note: the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945; the Second on Nagasaki, on August 9, on the same day as Truman's radio speech to the Nation]

Harry Truman
Nobody within the upper echelons of the US government and military believed that Hiroshima was a military base, Truman was lying to himself and to the American public.
To this day, the use of nuclear weapons against Japan is justified as a necessary cost for bringing the war to an end and ultimately “saving lives”.
Prior to Hiroshima, the US extensively used fire bombs in Japan resulting in large civilian casualties. In Germany, allied forces extensively bombed and destroyed German cities in the latter part of the war targeting civilians rather than military installations.
The US nuclear weapons arsenal has grown considerably. In the post Cold era, ArmsControl.org (April 2013) confirms that the United States
“possesses 5,113 nuclear warheads, including tactical, strategic, and non-deployed weapons.”
According to the latest official New START declaration, out of more than 5113 nuclear weapons,
“the US deploys 1,654 strategic nuclear warheads on 792 deployed ICBMs, SLBMs, and strategic bombers…
Moreover, according to The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) the U.S. possesses 500 tactical nuclear warheads, many of which are deployed in non-nuclear states including Germany, Italy, Turkey, Belgium, the Netherlands.
The History of War Crimes
The notion of mass casualty producing events prevails to this date in US military strategies. Invariably, as in the case of Syria, the civilian casualties of war committed by the aggressor are blamed on the victims.
 The period extending from the Korean war to the present is marked by a succession of US sponsored theatre wars (Korea Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Yugoslavia), various forms of military intervention including low intensity conflicts, “civil wars” (The Congo, Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sudan), military coups, US sponsored death squadrons and massacres (Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, Argentina, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines), covert wars led by US intelligence, US-NATO sponsored military intervention in Libya (using Al Qaeda rebels as their foot soldiers sponsored by Western intelligence).
The war on Syria is essentially a covert war of aggression whereby the Western military alliance and its GCC partners are  supporting a terrorist insurgency. The objective is to destabilize Syria as a nation state.
The objective has not been to win these wars but in essence to destabilize these countries as nation states as well as impose a proxy government which acts on behalf of Western interests. Accounting for these various operations, the United States has attacked, directly or indirectly, some 44 countries in different regions of the developing world, since August 1945, a number of them many times (Eric Waddell, 2003):
“The avowed objective of these military interventions has been to effect ‘regime change’. The cloaks of “human rights” and of “democracy were invariably evoked to justify what were unilateral and illegal acts.” (Eric Waddell, 2003)
Destroying Internationalism: The Truman Doctrine
The broader objective of global military dominance in the wake of World War II in support of an imperial project was formulated under the Truman administration in the late 1940s at the outset of the Cold War. It was reaffirmed by US President George Herbert Walker Bush in  a historical 1990 address to a joint session of the US Congress and the Senate in which he proclaimed a New World Order emerging from the downfall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the Soviet block.
The ideological underpinning of this agenda are to be found in what is known as the “Truman Doctrine”, first formulated by foreign policy adviser George F. Kennan in a 1948 in a State Department brief.
George Kennan
What this 1948 document conveys is continuity in US foreign policy, from “Containment” during the Cold War to “Pre-emptive” Warfare and “War on Terrorism”.  It states in polite terms that the US should seek economic and strategic dominance through military means:
 Furthermore, we have about 50% of the world’s wealth but only 6.3% of its population. This disparity is particularly great as between ourselves and the peoples of Asia. In this situation, we cannot fail to be the object of envy and resentment. Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity without positive detriment to our national security. To do so, we will have to dispense with all sentimentality and day-dreaming; and our attention will have to be concentrated everywhere on our immediate national objectives. We need not deceive ourselves that we can afford today the luxury of altruism and world-benefaction. (…)
In the face of this situation we would be better off to dispense now with a number of the concepts which have underlined our thinking with regard to the Far East. We should dispense with the aspiration to “be liked” or to be regarded as the repository of a high-minded international altruism. We should stop putting ourselves in the position of being our brothers’ keeper and refrain from offering moral and ideological advice. We should cease to talk about vague and—for the Far East—unreal objectives such as human rights, the raising of the living standards, and democratization. The day is not far off when we are going to have to deal in straight power concepts. The less we are then hampered by idealistic slogans, the better (George f. Kennan, 1948 State Department Brief)
 The planned disintegration of the United Nations system as an independent and influential international body has been on the drawing board of US foreign policy since the inception of the United Nations in 1946. Its planned demise was an integral part of the Truman doctrine as defined in 1948. From the very inception of the UN, Washington has sought on the one hand to control it to its advantage, while also seeking to weakening and ultimately destroy the UN system.
In the words of George Kennan:
“Occasionally, it [the United Nations] has served a useful purpose. But by and large it has created more problems than it has solved, and has led to a considerable dispersal of our diplomatic effort. And in our efforts to use the UN majority for major political purposes we are playing with a dangerous weapon which may some day turn against us. This is a situation which warrants most careful study and foresight on our part. (George Kennan, 1948)
In our efforts to use the UN majority for major political purposes we are playing with a dangerous weapon which may some day turn against us. This is a situation which warrants most careful study and foresight on our part. (George Kennan, 1948)
Although officially committed to the “international community”, Washington has largely played lip service to the United Nations. Today the UN is in many regards an appendage of the US State apparatus. Rather than undermining the UN as an institution, the US and its allies exert control over the Secretariat and key UN agencies. Since Gulf War I, the UN has largely acted as a rubber stamp. It has closed its eyes to US war crimes, it has implemented so-called peacekeeping operations on behalf of the Anglo-American invaders, in violation of the UN Charter. Following the de facto “dismissal” of Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali, UN Secretaries General Kofi Annan and Ban ki Moon have became a tool of US foreign policy, taking their orders directly from Washington.
Building a US Sphere of Influence in East and South East Asia
The Truman doctrine discussed above was the culmination of a post World War II US military strategy initiated with the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 and the surrender of Japan.
In East Asia it consisted in the post-war occupation of Japan  as well the US takeover of Japan’s colonial Empire including South Korea (Korea was annexed to Japan under the 1910 Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty).
Following Imperial Japan’s defeat in World War II, a US sphere of influence throughout East and South East Asia was established in the territories of Japan’s  former “Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”.
America’s hegemony in Asia was largely based on establishing a sphere of influence in countries under the colonial jurisdiction of Japan, France and the Netherlands.
The US sphere of influence in Asia –which was built up over a period of more than 20 years– included the Philippines (a US possession which was occupied by Japan during World War II), South Korea (annexed to Japan in 1910), Thailand (a Japanese protectorate during World War II), Indonesia (a Dutch colony occupied by Japan during World War II, which becomes a de facto US proxy State following the establishment of the Suharto military dictatorship in 1965).
 This US sphere of influence in Asia also extended its grip into France’s former colonial possessions in Indochina, including Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, which were under Japanese military occupation during World War II.
Obama’s “Pivot to Asia” which overtly threatens China is the endgame of this historical process.
The Korean War (1950-1953) was the first major military operation  undertaken by the US in the wake of  World War II,  launched at the very outset of  what was euphemistically called “The Cold War”. In many respects it was a continuation of World War II, whereby Korean lands under Japanese colonial occupation were, from one day to the next, handed over to a new colonial power, the United States of America.
In South Korea on September 8, 1945, three weeks after the surrender of Japan on August 15th 1945. Moreover,  Japanese officials in South Korea assisted the US Army Military Government (USAMG) (1945-48) led by General Hodge in ensuring this transition. Japanese colonial administrators in Seoul as well as their Korean police officials worked hand in glove with the new colonial masters.
While Japan was treated as a defeated Empire, South Korea was identified as a colonial territory to be administered under US military rule and US occupation forces. America’s handpicked appointee Sygman Rhee was flown into Seoul in October 1945, in General Douglas MacArthur’s personal airplane.
 The bombing raids directed against civilians in Japan and Germany at the end of World War II as well as the War on Korea (1950-53) had set the stage for the implementation ofmass casualty producing events: extensive crimes were committed by US forces. US Major General  William F Dean “reported that most of the North Korean cities and villages he saw were either rubble or snow-covered wastelands”
General Curtis LeMay [left] who coordinated the bombing raids against North Korea brazenly acknowledged that:
“Over a period of three years or so we killed off – what – twenty percent of the population. … We burned down every town in North Korea and South Korea, too”.
According to Brian Willson:
It is now believed that the population north of the imposed 38th Parallel lost nearly a third its population of 8 – 9 million people during the 37-month long “hot” war, 1950 – 1953, perhaps an unprecedented percentage of mortality suffered by one nation due to the belligerence of another.”
North Korea has been threatened of an attack with US nuclear weapons for more than 60 years.
From the Truman Doctrine to Clinton, Bush and Obama
There has been continuity throughout the post-war era, from Korea and Vietnam to the present.
The Neo-conservative agenda under the Bush administration should be viewed as the culmination of a (bipartisan) “Post War” foreign policy framework, which provides the basis for the planning of the contemporary wars and atrocities including the setting up of torture chambers, concentration camps and the extensive use of prohibited weapons directed against civilians.
Under Obama, this agenda has become increasingly cohesive with  the legalization of extrajudicial killings of US citizens under the anti-terrorist legislation, the extensive use of drone attacks against civilians, the massacres ordered by the US-NATO-Israel alliance directed against Syrian civilians.
From Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan, to the CIA sponsored military coups in Latin America and Southeast Asia, the objective has been to ensure US military hegemony and global economic domination, as initially formulated under the “Truman Doctrine”. Despite significant policy differences, successive Democratic and Republican administrations, from Harry Truman to Obama have carried out this global military agenda.
This entire “post war period” is marked by extensive war crimes resulting in the death of more than twenty million people. This figure does not include those who perished as a result of poverty, starvation and disease.
What we are dealing with is a criminal US foreign policy agenda. Media propaganda has served to obfuscate this agenda. US interventionism is invariably upheld as a humanitarian endeavor. Meanwhile, so-called progressive leftists and “anti-war activists” supported by corporate foundations have upheld this agenda on humanitarian grounds.
Criminalization does not pertain to one or more heads of State. It pertains to the entire State system, it’s various civilian and military institutions as well as the powerful corporate interests behind the formulation of US foreign policy, the Washington think tanks, the creditor institutions which finance the military machine.
War crimes are the result of the criminalization of the US State and foreign policy apparatus. We are dealing specifically with individual war criminals, but with a process involving decision makers acting at different level, with a mandate to carry out war crimes, following established guidelines and procedures.
What distinguishes the Bush and Obama administrations in relation to the historical record of US sponsored crimes and atrocities, is that the concentration camps, targeted assassinations and torture chambers are now openly considered as legitimate forms of intervention, which sustain “the global war on terrorism” and support the spread of Western democracy.
The Wars of the 21st Century: From the Cold War to the “Global War on Terrorism”
The alleged mastermind behind the 9/11 terrorists attacks, Saudi-born Osama bin Laden, was recruited during the Soviet-Afghan war, “ironically under the auspices of the CIA, to fight Soviet invaders”
From the outset of the Soviet-Afghan war in the early 1980s, the US intelligence apparatus has supported the formation of “Islamic brigades”.

“The Outside Enemy” Osama bin Laden, portrayed by the mainstream media
9/11 and the Invasion of Afghanistan
The September 11, 2001 attacks have played a crucial role in the formulation of US military doctrine, namely in sustaining the legend that Al Qaeda is an enemy of the Western world when in fact it is a construct of US intelligence, which is used not only as pretext to wage war on humanitarian grounds but also as an instrument of non-conventional warfare.
The legal argument used by Washington and NATO to invade Afghanistan was that the September 11 attacks constituted an undeclared “armed attack” “from abroad” by an unnamed foreign power, and that consequently “the laws of war” apply, allowing the nation under attack, to strike back in the name of “self-defence”.
The “Global War on Terrorism” was officially launched by the Bush administration on September 11, 2001. On the following morning (September 12, 2001), NATO’s North Atlantic Council meeting in Brussels, adopted the following resolution:
“if it is determined that the [September 11, 2001] attack against the United States was directed from abroad [Afghanistan] against “The North Atlantic area“, it shall be regarded as an action covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty”. (emphasis added)
Afghanistan was invaded on October 7, 2001 under NATO’s doctrine of collective security: an attack on one member of the Atlantic Alliance is an attack on all members of  Atlantic alliance. The presumption was that the US had been attacked by Afghanistan on September 11, 2001, an absurd proposition.
In the wake of 9/11, the creation of this “outside enemy” served to obfuscate the real economic and strategic objectives behind the American-led wars in the Middle East and Central Asia. Waged on the grounds of self-defense, the pre-emptive war is upheld as a “just war” with a humanitarian mandate.
Pre-emptive war directed against “Islamic terrorists” is required to defend the Homeland. Realities are turned upside down: America and the Western World are under attack.
In the wake of 9/11, the creation of this “outside enemy” served to obfuscate the real economic and strategic objectives behind the American-led wars in the Middle East and Central Asia, which encompasses more than 60 percent of the Wortld’s oil and gas reserves..
Waged on the grounds of self-defense, the pre-emptive war is upheld as a “just war” with a humanitarian mandate.
Propaganda purports to erase the history of Al Qaeda created by the CIA, drown the truth and “kill the evidence” on how this “outside enemy” was fabricated and transformed into “Enemy Number One”.
What the media does not mention is that the terrorists in substance are paid killers, supported by the US and NATO.
Non-Conventional Warfare: Using Al Qaeda Rebels as the Foot Soldiers of the Western Military alliance
This strategy of using al Qaeda rebels as the foot soldiers of the Western military is of crucial significance. It has characterized US-NATO interventions in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria. It is currently part of a covert agenda to destabilize Iraq by supporting al Qaeda in Iraq and the Levant (AQIL).
US sponsored Al Qaeda terror brigades (covertly supported by Western intelligence) have also been deployed in Mali, Niger, Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Somalia and Yemen.
The objective is to create sectarian and ethnic divisions with a view to destabilizing or fracturing sovereign countries modelled on former Yugoslavia.
In the Middle East, the redrawing of political borders is contemplated by US military planners.
MAP OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST
 Note: The following map was prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Peters. It was published in the Armed Forces Journal in June 2006, Peters is a retired colonel of the U.S. National War Academy. (Map Copyright Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Peters 2006).
Although the map does not officially reflect Pentagon doctrine, it has been used in a training program at NATO’s Defense College for senior military officers. This map, as well as other similar maps, has most probably been used at the National War Academy as well as in military planning circles.
The War on Iran: World War III Scenario
As part of the Global War on Terrorism, the launching of an outright war using nuclear warheads against Iran – which has the world’s third largest known reserves of oil behind Saudi Arabia and Iraq – has been on the drawing board of the Pentagon since 2005. These plans are part of a broader Middle East Central Asian military agenda.
War on Iran is part of the Battle for Oil. Already during the Clinton administration, US Central Command (USCENTCOM) had formulated “in war theater plans” to invade both Iraq and Iran:
“…the President’s National Security Strategy (NSS) and the Chairman’s National Military Strategy (NMS) form the foundation of the United States Central Command’s theater strategy. The NSS directs implementation of a strategy of dual containment of the rogue states of Iraq and Iran as long as those states pose a threat to U.S. interests, to other states in the region, and to their own citizens. … The purpose of U.S. engagement, as espoused in the NSS, is to protect the United States’ vital interest in the region – uninterrupted, secure U.S./Allied access to Gulf oil. (USCENTCOM, http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centcom/chap1/stratgic.htm#USPolicy , emphasis added)
Public opinion remains largely unaware of the grave implications of these war plans, which contemplate the use of nuclear weapons, ironically in retaliation to Iran’s non-existent nuclear weapons program.
Moreover, 21st Century military technology combines an array of sophisticated weapons systems whose destructive power would overshadow the nuclear holocausts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Lest we forget, the United States is the only country to have used nuclear weapons against civilians.
If such a war were to be launched, the entire Middle East/Central Asia region would be drawn into a conflagration. Humanity would be precipitated into a World War III scenario.
The danger of World War III is not front-page news. The mainstream media has excluded in-depth analysis and debate on the implications of these war plans.
NATO’s “Humanitarian Intervention”  Mandate defined in an ICISS report on R2P (ight0
The Anti-war Movement in Crisis: Cooptation and “Manufactured Dissent”
The antiwar movement in several Western countries is in crisis, dominated by self-proclaimed progressives. Some of America’s wars are condemned outright, while others are heralded as “humanitarian interventions”. A significant segment of the US antiwar movement condemns the war but endorses the campaign against international terrorism, which constitutes the backbone of US military doctrine.
Historically, progressive social movements (including the World  Social Forum) have been infiltrated, their leaders co-opted and manipulated, through the corporate funding of non-governmental organizations, trade unions and political parties. The ultimate purpose of “funding dissent” is to prevent the protest movement from challenging the legitimacy of the capitalist elites.
The “Just War” theory (Jus Ad Bellum) has served to camouflage the nature of US foreign policy, while providing a human face to the invaders.
A large segment of “progressive” opinion in the US and Western Europe is supportive of NATO’s R2P “humanitarian” mandate to the extent that these war plans are being carried out with the “rubber stamp” of civil society. Prominent “progressive” authors as well independent media outlets have supported regime change and NATO sponsored humanitarian intervention in Libya. Similarly, these same self proclaimed progressives have rallied in support of the US-NATO sponsored opposition in Syria.
Let us be under no illusions:  This pseudo-progressive  discourse is an instrument of propaganda. Several prominent “left” intellectuals –who claim to be opposed to US imperialism– have supported the imposition of “no fly zones” and “humanitarian interventions” against sovereign countries.
“Progressives” are funded and co-opted by elite foundations including Ford, Rockefeller, et al. The corporate elites have sought to fragment the people’s movement into a vast “do it yourself” mosaic. War and globalization are no longer in the forefront of civil society activism. Activism tends to be piecemeal. There is no integrated anti-globalization anti-war movement. The economic crisis is not seen as having a relationship to the US led war.
Dissent has been compartmentalized. Separate “issue oriented” protest movements (e.g. environment, anti-globalization, peace, women’s rights, climate change) are encouraged and generously funded as opposed to a cohesive mass movement. This mosaic was already prevalent in the counter G7 summits and People’s Summits of the 1990s.
The “Revolution Business”
The imperial World Order creates its own opposition.
The Occupy movement in the US is infiltrated and manipulated.
“Colored Revolutions” financed by Wall Street unfold in different countries (e.g. Egypt, Ukraine, Georgia, Thailand, ). The CIA through various front organizations has infiltrated mass movements in different parts of the World.
The Centre for Applied Non Violent Action and Strategies (CANVAS), for instance, under the auspices of Serbia’s OTPOR is a CIA sponsored entity which describes itself as “an International network of trainers and consultants” involved in the “Revolution Business”.
Funded by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), it constitutes a  consulting outfit, advising and training US sponsored opposition groups in more than 40 countries. Its clench fist logo has been adopted by numerous “revolutionary” groups.


In turn, a panoply of alternative media upholds the “Colored Revolutions” as constituting a “Great Awakening”, a mass movement directed against the very foundations of  the capitalist World order.
In Egypt, for instance, several organizations involved in the Arab Spring including Kifaya and the April 6 Student movement were directly supported by US foundations and the US embassy in Cairo. In a bitter irony, Washington was supporting the Mubarak dictatorship, including its atrocities, while also backing and financing its detractors, through the activities of Freedom House (FH) and the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Both of these foundations have links to the US State Department and the US Congress.
Under the auspices of Freedom House, Egyptian dissidents and opponents of Hosni Mubarak had been received in May 2008 by Condoleezza Rice at the State Department and the US Congress. The Egyptian pro-democracy delegation to the State Department was described by Condoleezza Rice as “The Hope for the Future of Egypt”. In May 2009, Hillary Clinton met a delegation of Egyptian dissidents (see image below), several of which had met Condoleezza Rice a year earlier.
9/11 Truth
In numerous organizations including the trade union movement, the grassroots is betrayed by their leaders who are co-opted. The money trickles down from the corporate foundations, setting constraints on grassroots actions. Its called “manufacturing dissent”. Many of these NGO leaders are committed and well meaning individuals acting within a framework which sets the boundaries of dissent. The leaders of these movements are often co-opted, without even realizing that as a result of corporate funding their hands are tied.
In recent history, with the exception of Iraq, the so-called Western left namely “Progressives” have paid lip service to US-NATO military interventions in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria.  “Progressives” also support the official  9/11 version of events. They deny 9/11 Truth.
“Progressives” acknowledge that the US was under attack on 9/11 and that the war on Afghanistan  was a “Just War”. In the case of Afghanistan, the “self-defense” argument was accepted at face value as a legitimate response to the 9/11 attacks, without examining the fact that the US administration had not only supported the “Islamic terror network”, it was also instrumental in the installation of the Taliban government in 1995-96. It was tacitly implied that by supporting al Qaeda, Afghanistan had attacked America on September 11, 2001.
In 2001, when Afghanistan was bombed and later invaded, “progressives” largely upheld the administration’s “just cause” military doctrine. In the wake of 9/11, the antiwar movement against the illegal invasion of Afghanistan was isolated. The trade unions and civil society organizations had swallowed the media lies and government propaganda. They had accepted a war of retribution against Al Qaeda and the Taliban. Several prominent “left leaning” intellectuals upheld the “war on terrorism” agenda.
Media disinformation prevailed. People were misled as to the nature and objectives underlying the invasion of Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden and the Taliban were identified as the prime suspects of the 9/11 attacks, without a shred of evidence and without addressing  the historical relationship between Al Qaeda and the US intelligence apparatus. In this regard, understanding 9/11 is crucial in formulating a consistent antiwar position. 9/11 is the pillar of US war propaganda; it sustains the illusion of an outside enemy, it justifies pre-emptive military intervention.
The logic pertaining to Syria was somewhat different. “Progressives” and mainstream “antiwar” organizations have supported so-called opposition forces without acknowledging that the mainstay of these forces is composed of Al Qaeda affiliated terrorists, recruited, trained and financed by US-NATO and their allies including Israel, Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. These antiwar groups, which previously supported NATO intervention in Libya, blame the Syrian government for the atrocities committed by the US sponsored Al Qaeda rebels.
Rebuilding the Antiwar Movement
What is required is to rebuild a mass movement. And this cannot be led and manipulated by self-proclaimed “progressives” with the financial support of  corporate foundations.
The social base as well as the organizational structure of the antiwar movement must be transformed. America’s “Long War” is an imperialist project which sustains the financial structures and institutional foundations of the capitalist World Order. Behind this military agenda are powerful corporate interests including an extensive propaganda apparatus.
War and the Economic Crisis are intimately related. The Worldwide imposition of neoliberal macro-economic policy measures is part of the broader imperial agenda. And consequently, the broader movement against neoliberalism must be integrated into the anti-war movement.
Breaking the “Big Lie” which presents war as a humanitarian undertaking, means breaking a criminal project of global destruction, in which the quest for profit is the overriding force. This profit-driven military agenda destroys human values and transforms people into unconscious zombies.
The holding of mass demonstrations and antiwar protests is not enough. What is required is the development of a broad and well-organized grassroots antiwar network, across the land, nationally and internationally, which challenges the structures of power and authority as well as the nature of the capitalist World order. People must mobilize not only against the military agenda – the authority of the state and its officials must also be challenged.
A meaningful anti-war movement requires breaking the “war on terrorism” consensus and upholding 9/11 Truth. To reverse the tide of war and globalization requires a massive campaign of networking and outreach to inform people across the land, nationally and internationally, in neighborhoods, workplaces, parishes, schools, universities and municipalities, on the nature the imperial project, its military and economic dimensions, not to mention the dangers of a US sponsored nuclear war. This movement must also occur within the Armed Forces (including NATO) with a view to challenging the legitimacy of the military agenda.
The message should be loud and clear:
The US and its allies are behind the Al Qaeda terrorists who have committed countless atrocities against civilians on the specific instructions of the Western military alliance,
Neither Syria nor Iran are a threat to World Peace. Quite the opposite. The threat emanates from the US and its allies. Even in the case of a conventional war (without the use of nukes) , the proposed aerial bombardments directed against Iran could result in escalation, ultimately leading us into a broader war in the Middle East.
What has to be achieved:
Reveal the criminal nature of this military project.
Break once and for all the lies and falsehoods which sustain a “political consensus” in favor of a pre-emptive nuclear attack on Iran.
Undermine war propaganda, reveal the media lies, reverse the tide of disinformation, wage a consistent campaign against the corporate media.
Break the legitimacy of the warmongers in high office. Indict political leaders for war crimes.
Dismantle the multibillion dollar national intelligence apparatus.
Dismantle the US-sponsored military adventure and its corporate sponsors.
Bring home the troops.
Repeal the illusion that the state is committed to protecting its citizens.
Uphold 9/11 Truth. Reveal the falsehoods behind 9/11 which are used to justify the Middle East/Central Asian war under the banner of the “Global War on Terrorism” (GWOT).
Expose how a profit-driven war serves the vested interests of the banks, the defense contractors, the oil giants, the media giants and the biotech conglomerates.
Challenge the corporate media which deliberately obfuscates the causes and consequences of this war.
Reveal and take cognizance of the unspoken and tragic outcome of a war waged with nuclear weapons.
Call for the Dismantling of NATO.
Reorganize the system of international justice which protects the war criminals. Implement the prosecution of war criminals in high office.
Close down the weapons assembly plants and implement the foreclosure of major weapons producers.
Close down all US military bases in the US and around the world.
Develop an antiwar movement within the armed forces and establish bridges between the armed forces and the civilian antiwar movement.
Forcefully pressure governments of both NATO and non-NATO countries to withdraw from the US-led global military agenda.
Develop a consistent antiwar movement in Israel. Inform the citizens of Israel of the likely consequences of a US-NATO-Israeli attack on Iran.
Target the pro-war lobby groups including the pro-Israeli groups in the US.
Dismantle the homeland security state. Repeal the legitimacy of Obama’s extrajudicial assassinations. Repeal the drone wars directed against civilians.
Undermine the “militarization of law enforcement”. Reverse the gamut of anti-terrorist legislation in Western countries which is intended to repeal fundamental civil rights.
These are no easy tasks. They require an understanding of the power structure, of hegemonic relations between the military, intelligence, the state structures and corporate powers which are promoting this destructive agenda. Ultimately these power relations must be undermined with a view to changing the course of World history.
Michel Chossudovsky is an award-winning author, Professor of Economics (emeritus) at the University of Ottawa. He is the Founder and Director of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), Montreal and Editor of the globalresearch.ca  website. He is the author of The Globalization of Poverty and The New World Order (2003) and America’s “War on Terrorism”(2005). His most recent book is entitled Towards a World War III Scenario: The Dangers of Nuclear War (2011). He has taught as Visiting Professor at universities in Western Europe, South East Asia and Latin America, acted as an adviser to governments of developing countries and as a consultant for several international organizations.
Prof. Chossudovsky is a member of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission (KLWCC) which led the 2013 legal procedure against the State of Israel on genocide charges. He is recipient of the Human Rights Prize of the Society for the Protection of Civil Rights and Human Dignity (GBM), Berlin, Germany. He is also a contributor to the Encyclopaedia Britannica. His writings have been published in more than twenty languages.

Saturday, February 1, 2014

DES ELECTIONS A SAVEUR DE COCAÏNE - { Première de trois parties}

Des élections à saveur de cocaïne – [Première de trois parties]

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 urne-rigoleUrne et bulletins de votes jetés dans une ravine le 28 novembre 2010
Par Leslie Péan,  24 janvier 2014 ----  En septembre 2013, Joris Mergelus, chef de l'Unité anti-drogue en Haïti, écrivait : « 114  dealers de drogue présumés et leurs complices ont été arrêtés, 1.554 kilos de cocaïne et de marijuana ainsi que plus de 1 million de dollars saisis entre Janvier et mi-Septembre 2013, comparativement à 124 arrestations, plus de 634 kg de stupéfiants et environ US$ 93.000 confisqués de Janvier à Décembre 2012[i]. » En réalité, il s’agit de la continuation de la route prise par la société haïtienne depuis le gouvernement des Duvalier. Un combat prétendument engagé pour le meilleur, mais passant par la route du pire. Un projet réactionnaire et servile en soi qui a investi le champ politique en force. En effet, c’est à coup de dollars que les élections sont organisées chaque fois en Haïti. Il n’y a même pas besoin de simulacres. Deux mois avant les élections de novembre 2010, les Nations Unies exprimaient ouvertement leurs craintes en disant : « il existe un risque que la campagne pour les prochaines élections - en particulier les législatives - peut être contaminée par le financement provenant d'activités illégales, y compris le trafic de drogue qui continue d'être un facteur de déstabilisation en Haïti[ii]. »
Depuis 2004 et même avant, Haïti est reconnue comme une plaque tournante de la cocaïne dans les Caraïbes. Selon Joe Mozingo du Miami Herald[iii], « la connexion de la cocaïne en Haïti » est une vérité de La Palice. Au cours de la décennie 1994-2004, la condamnation pour trafic de cocaïne et l’emprisonnement de militaires et d’officiels du gouvernement Lavalas accusés et poursuivis par la Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) indiquent clairement que la profondeur du mal dépasse de loin les frontières idéologiques. Les dernières révélations le 6 janvier 2014 parues dans le journal mexicain El Universal[iv]au sujet de la DEA au Mexique indiquent que « l'agence antidrogue américaine (DEA) et des membres duministère de la justice américain auraient collaboré pendant des années avec le cartel mexicain de Sinaloa en échange d'informations sur les cartels rivaux. Entre 2000 et 2012, les agents américains auraient ainsi organisé une cinquantaine de rencontres avec les mafieux, sans en informer les autorités mexicaines[v]. »
Les autorités américaines de la DEA et de la CIA ont laissé le cartel de Sinaloa envahir le marché américain avec des milliards de dollars de cocaïne en échange d’informations sur les cartels concurrents des Arellano Felix, Beltran Leyva, Los Zetas, Carillo Fuentes, Gulf et La Familia.  Le marché de la cocaïne représente annuellement 45 milliards de dollars et 90% de la cocaïne consommée aux États-Unis passe par le Mexique. Les relations occultes des autorités américaines avec les mauvais garçons mexicains ne sont pas nouvelles. Pour s’en rendre compte, on peut consulter les articles de Gary Webb publiés en 1996 dans le San Jose Mercury News référant à l’alliance ténébreuse de 1982 à 1994 entre la CIA et les Contras.
Ces informations, bien que rejetées dans les deux volumineux rapports produits en 1998 par l’Inspection Générale de la CIA (Inspector General’s Report on CIA- Contra Drug Trafficking), indiquent qu’il était impératif pour les autorités compétentes de fermer les yeux ou de regarder ailleurs. C’est précisément le cas quand le blanchiment d’argent a explosé pour sauver le dollar et éviter qu’il ne vole en éclats lors de la crise de 2008, la plus grande crise financière depuis celle de 1929. Pour ne pas profaner le Dieu de l’argent en donnant le blues à la Réserve Fédérale, il a fallu occulter certaines réalités.

 Le financement du capitalisme par l’argent de la drogue

 En effet, les rapports de corruption entre les autorités américaines et les cartels de la drogue ont été remarqués particulièrement à l’occasion de la crise financière mondiale de 2008. Dans le désespoir et pour sortir du véritable carnage des 200 plus grandes banques en faillite, annonçant alors la fin du système capitaliste, les autorités américaines ont accepté la fausse bonne idée de se faire financer par les cartels de la drogue. Et depuis lors, le système est incapable de leur tourner le dos. De manière ouverte ou clandestine, ce passé rattrape le système. La révélation de ces rapports mafieux est faite, entre autres, par Antonio Maria Costa, directeur de l’Office des Nations Unies contre la Drogue et le Crime (UNODOC)[vi]. Dans son entendement, c’est grâce aux profits générés par le crime organisé que le pire a été évité.
« Dans de nombreux cas, l'argent de la drogue a été la seule source de liquidités disponibles. Dans la seconde moitié de 2008, le manque de liquidités a été le principal problème du système bancaire » a-t-il dit[vii]. Des 1 000 milliards de dollars par an blanchis dans le système financier mondial, 400 milliards viennent du commerce de la drogue (marijuana, cocaïne, héroïne, etc.)[viii]. Dans l’optique de la loi du plus fort, ces malversations n’ont provoqué aucun tollé ni scandale. Dans le tourbillon de la vie quotidienne, les agissements scandaleux ont été accueillis avec indifférence et certains de ces banquiers corrompus engagés, entre autres dans les manipulations du taux du LIBOR, ont même eu droit à une certaine reconnaissance[ix]. Sur cette lancée, on notera aussi que la production d’opium en provenance d’Afghanistan a augmenté de plus de 900% depuis l’invasion américaine en 2001. Cette augmentation a contribué à financer les pertes de plus de 1 000 milliards de US$ de produits dérivés toxiques enregistrées par le système financier international lors de la crise de 2008.
Selon Peter Dale Scott, « la banque HSBC pourrait avoir blanchi environ 7 milliards de dollars de revenus narcotiques grâce à sa filiale mexicaine sans que personne n’aille en prison[x]. » Le blanchiment d’argent de la drogue par les grandes banques a été sanctionné par les institutions de régulation, mais les pénalités ont rarement dépassé 2% des profits. Un cas édifiant est celui de la banque Wells Fargo qui a racheté la banque Wachovia au cœur du blanchiment de 378 milliards de dollars en provenance des cartels de cocaïne du Mexique[xi] au cours des années 2002-2008. L’égoïsme des uns s’affiche d’un côté dans toute sa pétulance tandis que de l’autre, la misère des autres est exposée dans toute sa laideur.  
Les rapports du système financier international avec les barons de la drogue font penser aux rapports entre l’Angleterre et la Chine conduisant aux guerres de l’opium du 19e siècle au cours desquelles l’évangélisme n’a pas été absent. C’est bien au nom de la liberté religieuse que l’Angleterre oblige les Chinois à consommer de l’opium. Pour conquérir le pouvoir et le garder, tous les moyens sont bons selon certains. Même si cela doit inclure l’alliance avec le diable comme c’est le cas avec les alliances tacites de certains évêques avec les cartels de drogue au Mexique, pendant que près de 300 prêtres sont obligés de fuir pour échapper à la mort dans leur paroisse.
 Quatre tonnes de cocaïne par mois
 En Haïti aussi, de telles alliances sont courantes. La religion catholique a été présente dès l’arrivée des premiers esclaves débarqués des cales des négriers. Elle a traversé le temps en menant un combat contre le vaudou classé parmi les superstitions africaines. Syncrétisme aidant, la mentalité de l’Haïtien moyen convaincu de la capacité destructrice des « messes noires » a subi une mutation devant la continuation du pouvoir maléfique des Duvalier, malgré les persécutions dont le clergé catholique fait les frais.
Dans un style qui semble être à la fois celui de la fiction et du reportage journalistique, Nicolas Jallot reconstitue une tranche assez cocasse de l’histoire du trafic de la cocaïne en Haïti. En levant les bras vers le ciel à la recherche d’une solution divine à ses tourments, un paysan sans terre voit un jour tomber du ciel des sacs d’une poudre blanche qu’il assimile dans un premier temps à de la farine. Une manne dont il ne tardera pas à découvrir la vraie nature… et la valeur. L’heureux paysan vend sa « farine » au boulanger du coin qui « porte plainte contre (lui), car sa pâte ne prend pas »[xii].    
On apprendra plus tard que le largage à tout vent de milliers de petits sacs de cocaïne était à la fois plus efficace et moins coûteux que la formule traditionnelle d’import-export avec l’aide d’intermédiaires de plus en plus gourmands. L’opération eut tant de succès qu’à l’approche du nouvel an, les Haïtiens en général, et surtout ceux, des régions côtières se souhaitaient mutuellement de faire une petite « trouvaille », nom donné par la malice populaire au précieux paquet tombé du ciel ou emporté sur le rivage par les vagues!
Ainsi quatre tonnes de cocaïne par mois sont larguées par les petits avions des trafiquants colombiens et récupérés par leurs associés haïtiens qui les acheminent ensuite au Mexique et en Floride. Mark Fineman en discute à Aquin dans le Sud[xiii], et Joe Mozingo en parle aux Gonaïves. Vingt sept clans colombiens se font concurrence sur le territoire haïtien. Ils sont autour des hautes sphères du pouvoir depuis le régime de Jean-Claude Duvalier quand « les fructueuses affaires de Frantz Bennett, frère de Michèle Bennett-Duvalier, sont mises en évidence[xiv] » avec son arrestation par la DEA. Depuis lors, la cocaïne est au cœur de l’activité politique en Haïti. Selon Gérard Pierre-Charles en 1999, « l’État ne fonctionne pas et les barons de la drogue pourraient devenir les maîtres du pays[xv]. »
En réalité, considérant que 70 tonnes de cocaïne, ont transité par Haïti en 1999, d’après le Département d’État, les trafiquants sont déjà les maîtres. Le journaliste Christophe Wargny dira en juin 2001 qu’on peut considérer « en Haïti, la drogue comme substitut au développement »[xvi]. L’influence de la drogue dans la politique en Haïti est telle que Bruce Bagley, professeur à l’Université de Miami, qualifie le renversement du président Aristide le 29 février 2004 de « coup d’État des narcos »[xvii]. Depuis, la dérive n’a pas cessé. La dégradation continue, et le sujet de la cocaïne est devenu habituel. Selon Hillary Clinton, Secrétaire d’État américain, en 2010, la drogue transitant par Haïti serait d’un montant équivalent à 500 millions US[xviii]. Un montant sous-estimé car, déjà en 1993, les recherches du député démocrate John Conyers indiquaient un trafic d’une valeur double, soit d’un milliard de dollars US$ sur le marché américain[xix].
Le mauvais pli s’affirme à nouveau comme au temps des militaires avec les colonels Jean-Claude Paul et Michel François. Depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Michel Martelly, surnommé également « Sweet Micky » comme le fameux colonel, les clans de la drogue voient arriver l’heure du recyclage de leur produit. Nombre d’anciens militaires se sont reconvertis dans le secteur privé et dirigent ou travaillent dans des compagnies de sécurité. Qui les payent mieux que l’armée d’Haïti. D’autres ont carrément viré dans la mafia, un peu comme les anciens du KGB ont fait leur reconversion dans la Russie des hommes à la gâchette facile. La prise du pouvoir par le chanteur-président, symbolisant l’absence de tout repère éthique, représente une occasion idéale pour cette engeance de redémarrer le juteux trafic. Le 23 février 2012, « 300 kilos de cocaïne estimés à 2,5 millions de dollars américains sur le marché haïtien ont été saisis lors d’une opération conjointe du Bureau de lutte contre le trafic des stupéfiants (BLTS) et de l’Agence américaine antidrogue (DEA)[xx].»
Ces mouvements des cargaisons de cocaïne se répètent à l’infini, du Nord au Sud et de l’Est à l’Ouest, comme dans les potpourris du musicien Sweet Micky ! Ce dernier, il faut le reconnaître, n’a jamais caché d’y avoir goûté et pris son pied. Sans faux puritanisme. Il dit s’en être démarqué comme un apprenti sorcier qui maudit sa première cuite. Sans donner des détails sur sa désintoxication. Il n’empêche que la cocaïne a planté ses racines assassines au cœur du terroir. Selon le Département d’État américain, les Rapports de Transactions Suspectes [Suspicious Transaction Reports (STR)] n’étaient que 49 en 2011 et 43 en 2012, tandis que les Rapports de Transaction en Espèces (Cash Transaction Reports)] étaient de 244 297 en 2011 et de 264 099 en 2012[xxi]. Avec une magie inépuisable, de nouvelles procédures sont constamment inventées pour blanchir l’argent sale. Dans un temps qui semble rester en suspens, les autorités monétaires haïtiennes n’ont pas vu les traits, pourtant d’une grande netteté, des 100 millions de US$ en espèces allant au Panama annuellement[xxii]. D’ailleurs, les autorités américaines ont détecté ce dangereux entre-deux entre Haïti et le Panama en 2012.
On ne peut rien laisser en désordre pour faire fonctionner un réseau de passagers voyageant avec 25 000 dollars chacun dans des vols totalisant 1 million de US$ au décollage[xxiii]. Une bonne trousse de suggestions est nécessaire. Loin des clichés éculés d’une modernité démodée, la récidive des bandits légaux est ambitieuse. Partisans et adversaires des clans mafieux au sein du gouvernement n’ont pas seulement le goût du travestissement des carnavals. Ils peuvent aussi avancer sans bruit dans la démesure et l’horreur. Surtout quand ils ne se déchirent pas dans de sombres fresques politiques autour d’intrigues alambiquées de cargaisons de cocaïne recueillies par exemple à l’Anse-d’Hainault au cours du week-end du 18 mars 2012[xxiv] ou encore à Port-Salut le 12 septembre 2013. Un combat sans merci dans lequel Haïti agonise.
Dans le cas de l’affaire de drogue à Port-Salut, Jean Renel Sanon, ministre de la Justice, est intervenu en personne pour libérer les deux trafiquants Woodly Ethéard, alias Sonson, et Evinx Daniel. Avec la superficialité de celui qui revendique la liberté de choisir ses amis comme bon lui semble, le président Martelly s’est associé au présumé trafiquant Evinx Daniel en s’exhibant avec lui au Dan's Creek hotel de Port-Salut. Dans le collimateur du FBI pour trafic de drogues et blanchiment d’argent, ce dernier serait devenu, semble-t-il, une menace pour le pouvoir. Arrêté par le Commissaire du Gouvernement des Cayes Jean-Marie Salomon[xxv] en septembre 2013, il est libéré sous les pressions du président Martelly qui en profite pour révoquer le magistrat. Cet acte irréfléchi a provoqué l’ire du FBI qui l’aurait amené aux Etats-Unis pour enquête. De retour au pays, il a disparu de la carte depuis le 5 janvier 2014. (à suivre)
Leslie Péan
Economiste, Historien

[i] Joe Colas, 
« Plus de 238 arrêtés, 2.200 kg saisis en Haïti dans le cadre de la lutte anti-drogue », Haïti en marche, 23 septembre 2013.
[ii] Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, United Nations Security Council, New York, September 1, 2010, p. 3.
[iii] Joe Mozingo, « Haïti cocaïne connexion », Miami Herald, June 3, 2004.
[iv] Doris Gómora, « La guerra secreta de la DEA en México », El Universal, 6 de Janeiro de 2014. Lire aussi Per Liljas, « U.S. Government Helped Rise of Mexican Drug Cartel », Time, January 14, 2014. Lire enfin Tracy Wilkinson and Ken Ellingwood, « International banks have aided Mexican drug gangs », Los Angeles Times, November 27, 2011.
[v] « Feu à la poudre – Les relations troubles entre les Etats-Unis et un cartel mexicain », Blog Le Monde, 14 janvier 2014.
[vi] Rajeev Syal, « Drug money saved banks in global crisis », claims UN advisor, The Observer, London, 12 December 2009. Lire aussi « La criminalité organisée, une menace mondiale pour la sécurité », United Nations Information Service, Vienna, UNIS/CP/618, 3 juin 2010.
[vii] « Le trafic de drogue a sauvé l'économie mondiale, selon l'ONU », – LMOUS, 5 janvier 2010.
[viii] Thierry Francq et Alain Damais, Problèmes économiques, n° 2674, 19 juillet 2000, p. 2.
[ix] Leslie Péan, « La corruption du LIBOR et par le LIBOR », Le Nouvelliste, Port-au-Prince, 10 et 11 août 2012. Voir aussi Alterpresse, Port-au-Prince, 13 et 15 août 2012.
[x] Maxime Chaix, « Les drogues et la machine de guerre des Etats-Unis », Réseau Voltaire, 18 juillet 2013.
[xi] Ed Vulliamy, « How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico’s murderous drug gangs », The Guardian, April 2, 2011.
[xii] Nicolas Jallot et Laurent Lesage, Haïti – Dix ans d’histoire secrète, Paris, Éditions du Félin, 1995, p. 153. Lire aussi, Nicolas Jallot, Haïti - la plaque tournante de la drogue », Le Point, no. 1132, 28 mai 1994, p. 70.
[xiii] Mark Fineman, « Drug Cartels Set Back Efforts to Bring Democracy to Haiti «, Los Angeles Times,October 30, 1998.
[xiv] Nicolas Jallot et Laurent Lesage, Haïti – Dix ans d’histoire secrète, op. cit., p. 154.
[xv] « Haiti : a shabby epilogue », Newsweek, November 27, 2000.
[xvi] Christophe Wargny, « En Haïti, la drogue comme substitut au développement«, Le Monde diplomatique, Paris, juin 2001.
[xvii] Lydia Polgreen and Tim Weiner, « Drug Traffickers Find Haiti a Hospitable Port of Call », New York Times, May 16, 2004
[xviii] Hillary Rodham Clinton, “International Donors Conference: Towards a New Future for Haiti,” US State Department, March 31, 2010.
[xix] Dennis Bernstein and Howard Levine, « The CIA’s Haitian Connection », San Francisco Bay Guardian, 11/3/93.
[xx] « 300 kilos de cocaïne saisis et deux arrestations à Port-au-Prince», Radio Kiskeya, 24 février 2012?
[xxi] United States Department of State, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Money Laundering and Financial Crimes, Country Database, March 7, 2012 and June 2013.
[xxii] United States Department of State, 2012 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report II (INCSR), Volume II : Money Laundering and Financial Crimes, March 7, 2012.
[xxiii] Ibid, p. 105.
[xxiv] Jackson Joseph, « Une autre affaire de drogue », Le Matin, 9 avril 2012.
[xxv] RNDDH, Trafic illicite de drogues : Le Gouvernement MARTELLY / LAMOTHE met tout en œuvre pour  protéger les narcotrafiquants proches du Pouvoir, P-au-P, 19 septembre 2013.

POUR $ 400.000: ORIEL JEAN A VENDU JEAN BERTRAND ARISTIDE!

Pour $ 400 000 : Oriel Jean a vendu Jean Bertrand Aristide!

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oriel-jean-prisonPar Evens Dubois * ---- Depuis quelques jours, l’ancien secrétaire d’état à la communication du gouvernement fantoche Guyler C Delva mène une véritable croisade contre le président Jean-Bertrand Aristide dans le dossier du journaliste crapuleusement assassiné le 3 avril 2000 Jean Léopold Dominique. Quel est le véritable objectif de cet ancien journaliste?  Faire coffrer le président en faisant croire que c’est lui le véritable auteur intellectuel en dépit d’un rapport l’ayant totalement  blanchi. Qu'est ce qui se cache derrière cet acharnement de Guyler C Delva?
 L’une des personnes sur laquelle repose le travail du juge Yvikel Dambrezil est le témoignage de Mr Oriel Jean. Ce dernier est le dernier  chef de Sécurité du Palais national sous la présidence de Jean-Bertrand Aristide. En 2008, il téléphone à Guyler C Delva  de Miami pour lui affirmer qu’il est prêt à lui fournir des indications claires et précises dans le cadre du dossier de l’assassinat de Jean-Léopold Dominique. Entretemps, René Préval avait crée une commission bidon dont il avait le secret pour faire le jour sur les cas des journalistes tués durant les années 2000. La mariée étant trop belle : Guy C Delva sauta dans le premier vol pour une rencontre préliminaire avec le sieur Oriel Jean, car flairant un bon coup. Cet ancien chef de la Sécurité présidentielle caressa un rêve fou: celui de rentrer en possession de  l’une de ses maisons située a Belleville achetée en 2003 pour une valeur de $400.000. Sous la dictée du gouvernement américain, René Préval avait procédé, légalement, à la saisie des biens de plusieurs personnalités proches d’Aristide qui purgeaient des peines à cause de leur implication à des degrés divers dans le trafic illicite de la drogue.
 De retour à Port-au-Prince, Guy C Delva fit son rapport à René Préval. Pour lui prouver sa bonne foi, l’ancien chef d’État officialisa, avec l’assentiment des Américains, une commission rogatoire chargée d’interroger devant les autorités policières de Miami, tous les individus incarcérés dans le cadre dans ce trafic illicite dans cet État. Cette dite-commission n’était  en réalité une sorte de fiction: le super commissaire du gouvernement d’alors, Claudy Gassant n’était venu que pour Oriel Jean. Avant  que celui-ci ne se mette à chanter, il exigea l’annulation de toutes les mesures prises contre ses biens sous saisie. Une fois le deal accepté, grâce au bon soin de la Drug Enfoncement Agency(DEA), il offrit un luxe de détails qui auraient établi la responsabilité directe  du président Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Somme de donne des preuves, il bafouilla mentionnant qu’il a quelques dossiers en sa possession cachés en Haïti et qu’une fois au pays, il saura ou les retrouver. En réalité, il bluffait comme un joueur de poker. Il pensait jouer au “met dame».

Oriel Jean exigeait un aller retour Miami Port-au-Prince-Miami en bonne et due forme.

Il savait très bien qu’il est sur le coup d’une déportation et qu’une fois hors des États- unis, il sera dans l’impossibilité de revenir. Voyant que sa demande ne serait jamais agrée, il changea son fusil d’épaule. Il affirma que dans le cadre d’un procès sérieux, il présenterait les ”preuves ”qu’il détiendrait. Devant le commissaire Claudy Gassant, il expliquait avoir mis René Préval au courant du plan d’assassinat de Jean Léopold Dominique en lui disant : ”Prezidan si m te oumenm, mwen ta bay Jean Dominique yon kouveti sekirite, wi.”.Mis au courant d’une telle déposition, René Préval mit en veilleuse sa commission bidon. Oriel Jean, à mots couvert, accuse René Préval  de non assistance à personne en danger. Cela pourrait alimenter d’autres interrogations et débats gênant pour l’ancien chef de l’État.

 Oriel Jean : un individu sans scrupules?

oriel-jean-menotteUne petite anecdote. Lors des funérailles du très regretté Père Gérard Jean Juste, l’ancienne sénatrice Mirlande Luberice regardait Oriel Jean avec une véritable répulsion. Les gens présents pensaient qu’elle allait vomir. L’ancien chef de sécurité  du président Aristide s’emporta en déclarant : ”Say genyen  w ap gade m konsa? Se pou m te bay yon vyann pou jwenn byen m yo! " Oriel Jean ferait n’importe quoi pour parvenir a ses fins. C’est un individu sans scrupules, borné et teigneux. Après s’être échappé lors du coup d’état du 29 février 2004, il s’était fait coincer dans un aéroport au Canada avec la fabuleuse somme de 300.000 dollars américains et d’un cheque d’un montant de 17.000 américains. Car, il pensait qu’une fois la débâcle consommée, il allait refaire sa vie la bas. Mais c’était bien compté, mal calculé. Le gouvernement canadien l’expédia comme un mauvais colis aux États Unis puisque recherché par la Drug Enfoncement Agency (DEA). Il a été condamné à de très Lourdes peines aussi il avait obtenu une réduction de peine de quatre à cinq ans en vendant ses amis. Il a même été admis sur la liste de «témoins sous protection”. Il témoigna contre son ancien patron Sergo Persévérance dans le trafic de la drogue lors de son procès à Miami. Ce dernier est un ancien tenancier de borlette. Rudy Terrassant, l’ancien commandant de la BRI, a été coincé grâce à Oriel Jean. Ces deux individus sont les seuls à avoir reçu de Lourdes peines de prison et continuent à les purger. Une fois libéré, Oriel Jean ne s’arrêtera pas en si bon chemin. Preuve qu’il avait bien joué son rôle d’informateur et de dénonciateur : il était employé au sein du service de sécurité de l’aéroport international de Fort Lauderdale. Son job : aider à filtrer les passagers sur les vols en provenance d’Haïti. Cela avait provoqué un certain malaise dans la communauté haïtienne. Il n’avait pas les qualités requises, entre autres la citoyenneté  américaine, pour occuper un tel poste. Il était devenu une espèce de pestiféré aux yeux de plus d’un. Ou du moins ceux qui connaissent son passé.

 Guy C Delva : espion ou mercenaire?

 Le fondateur de SOS Journaliste avait raté d’un poil ce dossier sous l’administration de Préval. Celui-ci ne prenait pas au sérieux  la déposition d’Oriel Jean. En bon opportuniste qu’il est, Guy Delva a opéré un virage à 90 degrés en passant avec armes et bagages dans le camp de M. Michel Martelly. Pour donner des gages et montrer qu’il peut être un bon lèche-cul et  ce, sous n’importe quelle administration, il vend le dossier Jean Dominique au pouvoir Tèt Kale. L’autre raison qui a poussé Mr Delva a adopté cette attitude mercenaire: il voulait se faire pardonner. Jouant de sa proximité avec le pouvoir Préval, il était au courant de certains dossiers. Entres autres, celui de Rudolph Boulos. Un ennemi acharné de l’ancien président au Parlement. Il a été le premier à révéler la nationalité américaine de ce dernier.
 Ce Rudophe Boulos est un membre influent de la minorité économique. Il avait financé un Thinkthank basé à Washington ayant joué un rôle dans le mouvement qui devait porter le Président Aristide à quitter le pays le 29 février 2004. Accusé d’être un des commanditaires du  double crime du 3 Avril 2000, Mr Boulos choisit de se refugier en République dominicaine où il a investi aussi. Pris de panique Guy Delva se refugie à l’étranger: il était conscient d’avoir avili l’homme d’affaires. Et ces gens ont le bras long; n’importe accident pourrait survenir. Étant à l’étranger, il téléphone à René Préval pleurant à chaudes larmes, lui disant qu’il n’en peut plus de cet exil forcé et promit de rester tranquille et muet comme une carpe. C’est ainsi qu’il reçut une voiture blindée  pour vaquer à ses occupations. Dès lors, Guy Delva oublia la première lettre du nom Boulos. Entretemps, Entre-temps, Préval  se réconcilia avec les Boulos, non seulement en faisant  remettre un passeport haïtien à Rudy Boulos, mais aussi en nommant son frère Reginald au sein d’une de ses commissions présidentielles après le terrible tremblement de terre du 12 janvier 2010.
Guy Delva est un lâche. Comme tout lâche qui se respecte, il lèche le cul des puissants mais est arrogant avec les faibles. Conscient d’avoir été utilisé dans le dossier de Rudy Boulos et ayant peur des représailles, il se faufila toute honte bue  entre les jambes des bracelets roses à l’arrivée de M. Michel Martelly au pouvoir. Muni de sa carte passe-partout de journaliste, il accompagna Martelly lors de ses  tournées .L’on s’en souvient : il avait été tabassé par des sbires de ce dernier  lors de la campagne électorale. Le dossier de Jean Dominique était devenu  une sorte de précieux sésame, un  produit de marchandage avec lequel il s’est donne du poids pour forcer son admission au sein de la nouvelle équipe au pouvoir qu’il sait être des ennemis  intimes et viscéraux du président Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Encore une fois, il reprend  la  même sale besogne  qui avait été la sienne sous lui  Préval celui  une  espèce de poil à gratter. D’abord, il commence par dénigrer l’opposition anti-Martelly dans une certaine presse. De puis quelques jours, sa capacité de nuisance est montée d’un cran. Il a  été accusé par les avocats d’Aristide d’être de mèche avec le pouvoir Tèt Kale dans l’agitation du dossier Jean Dominique.
 Pour faire bien son travail, Michel Martelly et Laurent Lamothe lui ont demandé de rester derrière le rideau exit le titre de conseiller de Martelly. Il  continue  à  recevoir son émolument mensuel pour le titre, mais aussi il est remarqué parmi ceux qui s’assoient dans les rangs des conseillers de M. martelly lors des rencontres du chef Tèt Kale avec certaines personnalités. En plus de ça, il s’est crée un tas de couvertures au cas où…Comme par exemple, SOS journalistes, une organisation dont il est l’unique membre ainsi que le président d’une commission-bidon : il est l’unique membre aussi. Il a fondé une autre agence de presse HCNN. Son ancêtre le HNN  émargeait de la caisse publique sous Préval. Aujourd’hui, il est financé par Laurent Lamothe. Guyler C Delva ignore toutes les règles déontologiques: son agence bidon répand le mensonge, dénigre les honnêtes gens au profit du couple escroc Martelly-Lamothe. Ce duo malveillant est la porte d’entrée de la colonisation d’Haiti. Martelly/Lamothe appliquent leur programme meurtrier au profit de l’étranger et de l’oligarchie locale.
 Ce n’est pas la première fois que Guy Delva travaille au détriment de son pays. Durant la période du GNB (Grenn nan bouda : testicules entre les fesses), il servait de garde-chiourme à l’organisation Reporters Sans Frontières qui elle-même est financée par la Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cette organisation non-gouvernementale garde selon le cas un silence assourdissant devant les violations des libertés de la presse dans certains pays africains dirigés par des fantoches chargés de veiller aux intérêts de la France. Deux exemples pour illustrer que c’est une organisation à géométrie variable.L’enquête sur l’assassinat du célèbre journaliste burkinabè Norbert Zongo  piétine depuis sa perpétration. Reporters Sans Frontières n’a jamais place Blaise Comparé sur la liste les prédateurs de la liberté de la presse en dépit du fait des preuves palpables avaient retracé le crime jusqu’au frère du président burkinabè. Lors de l’invasion de l’Irak en 2003, un obus américain avait tué un journaliste espagnol. Reporters Sans Frontières dédouana les forces américaines. Pour ne pas réveiller le chat qui dort, il ne serait pas bon souligner la collusion de cette organisation avec le milieu raciste français: des anciens dirigeants sont sur la liste du Front national(FN) pour les prochaines cantonales. 
Guy C Delva a tout l’air d’un “honorable correspondant”. Il a été lancé dans le métier par le défunt Serge Beaulieu qui l’avait introduit dans le monde des services secrets. Depuis 1994, il s’arrangea pour se retrouver de jour comme de nuit  dans les couloirs du Palais National, guettant les moindres miettes d’informations présidentielles. Qui ne se souvient pas de sa défense ardue dans les media de la thèse officielle sur l’innocence d’Evynx Daniel? Il affirma sur Radio Caraïbe, un samedi matin,  dans l’émission “Ranmase” avoir discuté de son cas avec un agent de la DEA.  N’est-ce pas cet Evynx Daniel qui est aujourd’hui porté disparu? Guyler Delva ne pipe mot. Sa feuille de route aujourd’hui est d’harceler le président Aristide.                 

Une accusation cousue de fil blanc

 L’utilisation de la déposition de Mr Oriel Jean sera utilisée cette année à des fins électorales. Les anti-lavalas vont s’en donner a Cœur –joie pour éclabousser ce parti ancré dans la mémoire des masses. Juridiquement, les déclarations sans preuves matérielles  peuvent être rejetées devant n’importe quelle cour d’assises. Or, en fait de crédibilité, n’importe quel défenseur pourrait soulever le fait qu’Oriel Jean s’était mis à table en jouant une partie de poker menteur avec des ignares.  Comment des autorités aient-elles pu conclure un marché consistant à l’abandon d’une mesure de saisie sur une maison contre des témoignages sans preuves matérielles? Oriel Jean est en possession de ses deux maisons. L’une à Tabarre et l’autre à Belleville. Réclamer justice pour Jean Dominique et Jean-Claude Louissaint est légitime. Personne n’a le droit d’ôter la vie d’autrui. Mais se servir des cendres du journaliste à des fins politiques ou pour écarter un parti politique est carrément ignoble.
Evens Dubois,
Journaliste
 A Lire Aussi:

ON WHOSE SIDE IS THE HAITIAN GOVERNMENT?

On whose side is the Haitian Government?
BY FRANDLEY JULIEN
Monday, January 20, 2014
In September 2013, the Dominican constitutional court, in a ruling which violates the very constitution to which the court owes its name, stripped away the citizenship of more than 250,000 Dominicans of Haitian descent. Since then, those who are familiar with this issue have more questions than answers on the way the Haitian Government has been handling it.
Granted, the people affected are Dominicans, and the Haitian Government has to walk a fine line to keep from immersing into Dominican affairs. However, the victims also happen to be part of Haiti's Diaspora, and, therefore, Haiti has every right to defend them. Moreover, should the compounded wave of forced and self-deportations intensify, Haiti's already quasi-inexistent social services will take a steep toll because of its neighbour's decision to rid itself of a great part of its black population. Finally, even if the people affected had nothing to do with Haiti, it would be immoral for Haiti's authorities to turn a blind eye on such a human tragedy happening next door.
Haitian President Michel Martelly
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These considerations, however, do not seem to inform the Haitian Government's behaviour in its dealings with its negrophobic neighbour. At a time when even people who have no ties to Haiti are trying to isolate the Dominican Republic, the Haitian Government, on January 7, 2014, initiated talks with its Dominican counterpart on a score of trade and border-related issues. This is wrong for a number of reasons.
First, by engaging in these misguided talks, the Haitian Government is drowning the important denationalisation issue in a slew of comparatively trifling matters — like the lifting of the restriction on the importation of poultry from the Dominican Republic — whose resolution will benefit Santo Domingo more than they will Port-au-Prince. It is as if, shortly after Iran took the Americans hostage in 1979, the United States had held talks with Iran on trade.
While the rest of the world is treating the Dominican Republic more and more as the pariah state that it is, giving them an unexpected photo op with those who were supposed to lead the charge on behalf of the victims is disingenuous at best. The Haitian Government should recognise that, until the Dominicans recant their villainous decision, they will be the ones with their back against the wall. Therefore, there should be no high-level talks with them until they reverse course.
Second, the Haitian Government needs to understand that everything it does with the Dominican Republic will undergo strict scrutiny from Haiti's civil society and the rest of the world. Dominican investigative journalist Nuria Piera has successfully established that both President Martelly and his former opponent Myrlande Manigat have received campaign contributions from a Dominican political figure. Oddly, Haiti's Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe, after Tuesday's talks, accepted to sign a joint statement which "recognises the sovereign right of the Dominican Republic to define its immigration policy and the rules regulating the obtainment of Dominican citizenship," with no mention of the violations of the basic human rights of the Dominicans of Haitian descent. The latter were referred to as "persons of Haitian origin". After signing such a statement, one of two things is true: either this Government will need adult supervision to continue to represent the country in any negotiations, or its members are putting their personal interests above those of the country. On second thought, these two possibilities are not mutually exclusive.
Third, the Haitian Government should understand that, at this point, its relationship with the Dominicans may escalate anytime, in unpredictable ways. Therefore, it should always be accompanied by at least one legal adviser when engaging in talks with the Dominicans. In fact, the Dominican delegation had in its midst César Pina Toribio, the president's legal counsel.
In such a nebulous atmosphere, with the unchallenged accusations of corruption that tarnish Martelly and Lamothe's reputation, and their dismal performance in defending the country's interests, Haiti's civil society and diaspora need to be watchful of the Government's every move. What the Haitian Government is doing with these talks is to take the international pressure off the Dominicans' back by creating the false hope of a bilateral resolution of the denationalisation crisis.
Therefore, it is important that our brothers and sisters in the Caribbean, along with their leaders, continue to be on Haiti's side. As we all know, the only way to have the Dominican Republic reverse course is to adopt and enforce sanctions. Let's show what we can do together to promote a better world for all.
Frandley Julien studies law at Florida International University. He blogs at frandleyjulien.com. frandleyjulien@gmail.com


Read more: http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/pfversion/On-whose-side-is-the-Haitian-Government-_15814110#ixzz2s79QifWU